Compare Montserrat (2003) - Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2004)

Compare Montserrat (2003) z Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2004)

	Montserrat (2003)	Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2004)

Administrative divisions	3 parishes; Saint Anthony, Saint Georges, Saint Peter	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Age structure	0-14 years: 23.4% (male 1,062; female 1,041) 15-64 years: 65.3% (male 2,805; female 3,066) 65 years and over: 11.4% (male 537; female 484) (2003 est.)	0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products	cabbages, carrots, cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, peppers; livestock products	fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products
Airports	none; only airport was destroyed by volcanic activity; a helicopter service to Antigua is used (2002)	5 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 3 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 102 sq km land: 102 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 12,173 sq km land: 12,173 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands
Area - comparative	about 0.6 times the size of Washington, DC	slightly smaller than Connecticut
Background	Much of this island has been devastated and two-thirds of the population has fled abroad due to the eruption of the Soufriere Hills Volcano that began on 18 July 1995.	Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982.
Birth rate	17.57 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)	NA births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget	revenues: $31.4 million expenditures: $31.6 million, including capital expenditures of $8.4 million (1997 est.)	revenues: $66.2 million expenditures: $67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million (FY98/99 est.)
Capital	Plymouth (abandoned in 1997 due to volcanic activity; interim government buildings have been built at Brades Estate, in the Carr's Bay/Little Bay vicinity at the northwest end of Montserrat)	Stanley
Climate	tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation	cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate
Coastline	40 km	1,288 km
Constitution	present constitution came into force 19 December 1989	3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Montserrat	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Currency	East Caribbean dollar (XCD)	Falkland pound (FKP)
Death rate	7.34 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)	NA deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external	$8.9 million (1997)	NA (1999 est.)
Dependency status	overseas territory of the UK	overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of the UK)	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of the UK)	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Disputes - international	none	claimed by Argentina whose forces briefly occupied it in 1982, but now declares it will no longer seek settlement by force; UK continues to reject Argentine requests for sovereignty talks
Economic aid - recipient	Country Policy Plan (2001) is a three-year program for spending $122.8 million in British budgetary assistance	none (1997 est.)
Economy - overview	Severe volcanic activity, which began in July 1995, has put a damper on this small, open economy. A catastrophic eruption in June 1997 closed the airports and seaports, causing further economic and social dislocation. Two-thirds of the 12,000 inhabitants fled the island. Some began to return in 1998, but lack of housing limited the number. The agriculture sector continued to be affected by the lack of suitable land for farming and the destruction of crops. Prospects for the economy depend largely on developments in relation to the volcano and on public sector construction activity. The UK has launched a three-year $122.8 million aid program to help reconstruct the economy. Half of the island is expected to remain uninhabitable for another decade.	The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Tourism, especially eco-tourism, is increasing rapidly, with about 30,000 visitors in 2001. Another large source of income is interest paid on money the government has in the bank. The British military presence also provides a sizeable economic boost.
Electricity - consumption	2.325 million kWh (2001)	15.19 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	2.5 million kWh (2001)	16.33 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Chances Peak (in the Soufriere Hills volcanic complex) 914 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m
Environment - current issues	land erosion occurs on slopes that have been cleared for cultivation	overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the Chornobyl disaster
Ethnic groups	black, white	British
Exchange rates	East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976)	Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.6125 (2003), 0.6661 (2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.618 (1999), 0.6037 (1998); note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Anthony LONGRIGG (since NA May 2001) head of government: Chief Minister John OSBORNE (since 5 April 2001) cabinet: Executive Council consists of the governor, the chief minister, three other ministers, the attorney general, and the finance secretary elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party usually becomes chief minister	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Governor Howard PEARCE (since 3 December 2002); Chief Executive Chris SIMPKINS (since NA March 2003); Financial Secretary Derek F. HOWATT (since NA) cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch
Exports	NA (2001)	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	electronic components, plastic bags, apparel, hot peppers, live plants, cattle	wool, hides, meat
Exports - partners	US, Antigua and Barbuda	Spain 80%, UK 9.3%, US 3.6% (2003)
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Montserratian coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms features a woman standing beside a yellow harp with her arm around a black cross	blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising is the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT
GDP	purchasing power parity - $29 million (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - $75 million (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 5.4% industry: 13.6% services: 81% (1996 est.)	agriculture: NA industry: NA services: NA
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $3,400 (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - $25,000 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-1% (2002 est.)	NA
Geographic coordinates	16 45 N, 62 12 W	51 45 S, 59 00 W
Geography - note	the island is entirely volcanic in origin and contains seven active volcanoes	deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season
Highways	total: 227 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km note: volcanic eruptions beginning in 1995 destroyed most of the road system (2003)	total: 440 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 390 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs	transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe	-
Imports	NA (2001)	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	machinery and transportation equipment, foodstuffs, manufactured goods, fuels, lubricants, and related materials	fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing
Imports - partners	US, UK, Trinidad and Tobago, Japan, Canada	UK 62%, Spain 30.4%, Italy 2.5% (2003)
Independence	none (overseas territory of the UK)	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	NA
Industries	tourism, rum, textiles, electronic appliances	fish and wool processing; tourism
Infant mortality rate	total: 7.77 deaths/1,000 live births male: 9.05 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)	total: NA male: NA female: NA (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	2.6% (2002 est.)	3.6% (1998)
International organization participation	Caricom, CDB, ECLAC (associate), ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), OECS	ICFTU, UPU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	17 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	NA sq km	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia, one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the High Court)	Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction
Labor force	4,521 ; note - lowered by flight of people from volcanic activity	1,100 (est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%	agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing)
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 20% permanent crops: 0% other: 80% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (2001)
Languages	English	English
Legal system	English common law and statutory law	English common law
Legislative branch	unicameral Legislative Council (11 seats, 9 popularly elected; members serve five-year terms) note: expanded in 2001 from 7 to 9 elected members with attorney general and financial secretary sitting as ex-officio members elections: last held NA April 2001 (next to be held by November 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPLM 7, NPP 2 note: in 2001, the Elections Commission instituted a single constituency/voter-at-large system whereby all eligible voters cast ballots for all nine seats of the Legislative Council	unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms); presided over by the governor elections: last held 22 November 2001 (next to be held NA November 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 8; note - 71% voter turnout
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 78.36 years male: 76.24 years female: 80.59 years (2003 est.)	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years (2004 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school total population: 97% male: 97% female: 97% (1970 est.)	-
Location	Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, southeast of Puerto Rico	Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina
Map references	Central America and the Caribbean	South America
Maritime claims	exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 3 NM	territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	none (2002 est.)	-
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the UK	defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches	no regular indigenous military forces; Police Force	no regular military forces
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	NA
National holiday	Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926)	Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)
Nationality	noun: Montserratian(s) adjective: Montserratian	noun: Falkland Islander(s) adjective: Falkland Island
Natural hazards	severe hurricanes (June to November); volcanic eruptions (Soufriere Hills volcano has erupted continuously since 1996)	strong winds persist throughout the year
Natural resources	NEGL	fish, squid, wildlife, calcified seaweed, sphagnum moss
Net migration rate	34.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Political parties and leaders	National Progressive Party or NPP [Reuben T. MEADE]; New People's Liberation Movement or NPLM [John A. OSBORNE]	none; all independents
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	none
Population	8,995 note: an estimated 8,000 refugees left the island following the resumption of volcanic activity in July 1995; some have returned (July 2003 est.)	2,967 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA
Population growth rate	4.5% (2003 est.)	2.44% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	Plymouth (abandoned), Little Bay (anchorages and ferry landing), Carr's Bay	Stanley note: the primary port is located in Stanley Harbour and known locally as FIPASS (Falkland Interim Port and Storage System); the facility consists of seven permanently moored barges providing 300 meters of berthing space; it was installed by the military after 1982 and handed over to the Falkland Islands Government in 1988
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways	0 km	-
Religions	Anglican, Methodist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal, Seventh-Day Adventist, other Christian denominations	primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.11 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2003 est.)	-
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: NA	general assessment: NA domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands international: country code - 500; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries
Telephones - main lines in use	4,000 (1997)	2,400 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	70 (1994)	0 (2001)
Television broadcast stations	1 (1997)	2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service) note: cable television is available in Stanley (2002)
Terrain	volcanic island, mostly mountainous, with small coastal lowland	rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains
Total fertility rate	1.8 children born/woman (2003 est.)	NA children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate	6% (1998 est.)	full employment; labor shortage (2001)
Waterways	none	-

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